What is Windows Registry??

What is Registry?

Ans.) First we will know that what is registry,and how is the registry important. Registry is an important in a computer. It depends up on the operating system that we are using.In windows, the default settings are stored in the registry. Also third party softwares store their setting in the registry. Softwares store their settings like window width,last used file in software etc.


The type of the registry values available are :

1. string value
2. binary value
3. DWORD value
4. multi-string value
5. expandable string value



Windows Registry is an enormous batch of files containing information about almost everything that occurs on the computer, from a visit to a Web site to a program installation. The registry also contains information about drivers and other essential programs, like DLLs -- small helper programs that often work with more than one application. This information is stored in the form of "keys" that help programs run. It's like a big blueprint for where everything goes on your computer and how it all fits together. Only computers running Windows operating systems have registries, and despite rumors to the contrary, Windows 7 will have a registry.

A registry may have hundreds of thousands of entries, and new entries are created all the time. As it fills with information, the registry may cause a computer's performance to suffer. One problem is that Windows almost never removes registry entries, even if a program is uninstalled, as most uninstallers aren't able to effectively remove their own registry keys. And as files are moved around and programs are uninstalled, some registry keys point to programs or files that no longer exist or are located elsewhere.

Fortunately, these errors don't have to be tolerated. The registry can be cleaned up, though not completely. And for your troubles, you may get better performance and decreased boot time. Some satisfied users report fewer instances of lag or Windows hanging (when the computer isn't responding). The exact performance boost varies depending on the state of the registry and the effectiveness of the cleaner program employed. You may also free up disk space, although most registry entries are very small.

Default Registry looks like this:



Where are the Windows Registry files?

If you have Windows 9x or ME, known as the 9x Platform, the Registry files are stored in the Windows folder. They are named System.dat and User.dat. However, Windows ME also has Classes.dat. These files all have Hidden attributes so unless you are view hidden files you will not find them.

If you have Windows NT, 2000, 2003, Xp or Vista, known as the NT Platform, the Registry files are stored in their own folder; Windows\System32\Config. You will not be able to copy these files to make backups, as the operating system is protecting them for security reasons.
Lets start with an explanation of the Registry Keys.

Open RegEdit, you'll see the six Hives on the Windows 9x Platform and five on the NT Platform under the "My Computer" header:

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT: Contains software settings about the file system, it contains shortcut information, and other user interface information. There will be a SubKey for every file association. And each Key here points to another key. The entire Hive is part of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE and can be found at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Classes. If you change a setting in either of these two locations it is also changed in the other.

HKEY_CURRENT_USER: Contains the information for the currently logged-on user, such as settings and software information. Setting changed in this Hive will only affect the current user. This Hive is part of the HKEY_USERS hive.
1) AppEvents Key: contains the settings for which sounds to play for system sound events
2) Control Panel Key: Control Panel settings are stored here, similar to system.ini and win.ini in Win 3.x.
3) InstallLocationsMRU: contains folder paths and drives
4) Keyboard layout: specifies current keyboard layout
5) Network: Network connection information
6) RemoteAccess: Contains information about the current log-on location using Dial-Up Networking
7) Software: Software configuration settings for the currently logged-on user.
You may find other Keys here placed by other software, that is probably should have been placed in one of the above Sub-Keys. The entire Hive is also found at the HKEY_USERS\.Default or if more then one profile HKEY_USERS\(Profile name). If you change and setting in either of these two locations it is also changed in the other.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE: Contains information about the hardware and software settings that are used for all users of this computer.
1) Config: Configuration information . Same as the Hive HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG on Windows 9x
2) Enum: Hardware information (found under System in NT)
3) Hardware: Information passed to Windows from the BIOS (found under System in NT)
4) Network: information about networks installed to the machine.
5) Security: network security settings.
6) Software: Software-specific information and settings
7) System: System startup and device driver information, and operating system settings.

HKEY_USERS: Information about for each user that logs onto this computer is stored here. Each user will have a Sub-Key under this heading. On Windows 9x, if there is only one user, the SubKey will be ".default". When a user logs on, one of the Sub-Keys will be loaded to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER key.
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG : Contains info about the current hardware configuration, pointing to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Config. This hive is dynamic, meaning it is built on the fly.
HKEY_DYN_DATA: This key contains dynamic information about plug-n-play devices. The data here changes constantly. This key is rewritten every time you boot up, it is a virtual Hive. This Hive is dynamic, meaning it is built on the fly and is not used on the NT Platform.
How Windows uses the Registry

For reference:

HKCU=HKEY_CURRENT_USER
HKLM=HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

First you need to understand that the Shell of Windows is the Windows Explorer. Without the Explorer there is no Windows, No desktop and so on.

With Windows loaded and you are logged on, Windows now can use the information in the Registry that each Hive contains. Here is a sample of how the Registry is used.

So let's click on the Start button, which is controlled be the Explorer.exe. Now Windows reads the Key HKCU\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Policies Keys to determine what the current user is allowed to do. What the user is allowed to access. Now scroll up to the Programs label and the Key HKCU\ Microsoft\ Windows\ CurrentVersion\ Explorer is read to determine how Windows will react. Now you open the Start menu and it opens, then you click on a program you wish to open. This is a shortcut that you are clicking on. A shortcut is a file with the extension ".lnk" so Windows now looks at the HKLM\Software\Classes Key for the extension ".lnk" which reads "lnkfile". So Windows now looks for HKLM\Software\Classes\lnkfile which read "ShortCut" and it sees "NeverShowEx" = "" which means do not display file extension for this type of file extension. Windows then looks to see what SubKeys are there and it finds a CLSID SubKey which points to "{00021401- 0000- 0000- C000- 000000000046}". Since the SubKey was "CLSID" Windows knows to look at HKLM\Software\Classes\CLSID Key and finds the matching SubKey. This Key also read "ShortCut" and Windows now looks for what SubKeys are available. It find the "ProgID" Key which points back to the "lnkfile" Key. and it find the server file at the "InProcServer32" file. So Windows now knows to serve this file to Shell32.dll.

If the Explorer did not find the CLSID key listed it would have to search the CLSID Keys for a matching ProgID Key that pointed to the "lnkfile" Key.

Shell32.dll now takes over, the Explorer makes an API call to the Shell32.dll and tells it to Shell (run, start) the file that the that you clicked on. Now the Shell32 knows that this is a ShortCut so it reads the file and determines that you wish to activate the program QikFix. So it starts QikFix now needs an starts loading the other DLLs it needs to run. QikFix searches its' own directory and if not found there looks to the Windows Folder then the System folder. It finds the DLLs it knows it need to run, and then now sees that it needs an interface. So as with all Visual Basic programs it need the Msvbvm50.Dll or Msvbvm60.Dll to do the work for it. So then Msvbvm50.dll draws the plain window and then starts adding the text boxes and the tabs. To do this is may need help form another dll as with the case of the tabs. It knows it needs tabclt32.ocx because when I selected to use the tabs I need to include the DLL name in my source code, which in this case is an Active X control (ocx). Now it needs to draw Tabs but the Msvbvm50.dll has no idea what a tab is.

If there where TypeLib Keys under the CLSID Key then the Explorer would also got read the matching HKLM\Software\Classes\TypeLib Key. The TypeLib Key may point to an Interface Key (HKLM\Software\Classes\Interface) and this Key will tell the Explorer what version is available and so on. To understand more you need to read the next section about SubKeys.
Explanation of SubKeys

You will find a vast amount of different SubKeys, some are user (read) only by the software program, while most of the SubKeys are read by Windows.

The Heart of Windows

The Registry works the same on both the Windows 9x platform, and the NT Platform. However it is laid out a little differently, especially when it comes to the hardware.

The real heart of the Windows Registry is found at the Key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows, controlling the software. The System Drivers are controlled at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System. The hardware is controlled at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Enum in Windows 9x and ME And HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Enum in the NT Platform.

How to clean Computer Registry :


Cleaning Registry:

Registry cleaning is not without risks. This is a very sensitive area of your computer, and if you're happy with how your computer is running, don't go digging around. Trying to manually edit your registry can create errors in the registry that make it impossible to load Windows. Some registry-cleaning programs have been known to delete important registry keys or essential DLL files. And the performance improvements may be negligible, while running the program and approving each recommended deletion could take hours. In addition, reliable data on how registry cleaners affect performance are almost impossible to find. Most "performance tests" are actually produced by the developers of registry-cleaning tools.

Despite these concerns, it is­ possible to clean out some of the registry's gunk, and your computer may be better off for it. On the next page, we'll take a look at how to go about this delicate job.


Before you mess around with the registry, it's best to to create a backup copy of the registry and to also save any important data to an external hard drive or disk. Some registry-cleaning programs have a feature to back up a copy of your system's registry. If not, a simple Internet search should lead you to a free backup program.

Windows has a built-in program for editing the registry. It's creatively titled regedit.exe and can be accessed by going to the Start menu, clicking Run and typing in the program name. While this program is easy to access, it's difficult to use. Registry entries have long, oblique names that don't say much about what they represent. Even savvy computer users may have no idea what a particular entry points to. So unless you have specific instructions for how to alter or delete a clearly defined entry, it's best not to experiment with regedit.exe.

Third-party registry-cleaner programs are plentiful and remove a lot of the confusing grunt work of parsing and deleting registry entries. To find a program that suits you, check reviews on sites like ZDNet, CNET, PC World or PC Magazine. Some of these programs are free or only fix a few entries at a time, which can be quite laborious when a registry may have 2,000 broken entries. Others may cost $20 or more and may come as part of a package of system utilities.

It's not necessary to clean a registry more than once a month. Using a disk defrag program may provide additional performance boosts.

Before you run the program you've chosen, make sure you close all other open programs, as well as those running in the system tray, next to the clock in the bottom right corner of your screen. Follow directions closely: Most of these cleaner programs are intuitive, first scanning the registry for errors and then offering choices to fix broken entries, but you may miss an important step or warning if you click madly and try to speed through the process.

Some experts recommend against using programs that automatically delete registry errors . Instead, it's better to approve deletions manually. The cleaner will likely offer a list of registry entries that it's safe to delete because they are certainly obsolete. It may also provide an option to "repair" an entry. Going deeper and deleting borderline entries could affect a program's ability to function, such as by deleting a DLL that the cleaner doesn't realize is shared by more than one program -- or you may irreparably damage your installation of Windows. When in doubt, let the entry stay.

And that's about it. Hopefully you managed to clean up a few hundred entries without bricking your computer. If not, well, then you probably can't read this anymore and won't be interested in the links on the next page about registry cleaners and other related topics.

Bluetooth Technology

Introduction

When you use computers, entertainment systems or telephones, the various pieces and parts of the systems make up a community of electronic devices. These devices communicate with each other using a variety of wires, cables, radio signals and infrared light beams, and an even greater variety of connectors, plugs and protocols. Bluetooth is a wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs). It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.

There are lots of different ways that electronic devices can connect to one another. For example:

• Component cables
• Electrical wires
• Ethernet cables
• Wi-Fi
  
• Infrared signals

Where it is used ?

Bluetooth is a standard and communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device. Bluetooth makes it possible for these devices to communicate with each other when they are in range. Because the devices use a radio (broadcast) communications system, they do not have to be in line of sight of each other.

Class	Maximum Permitted Power mW (dBm)	Range (approximate)
Class 1	100 mW (20 dBm)	~100 meters
Class 2	2.5 mW (4 dBm)	~10 meters
Class 3	1 mW (0 dBm)	~1 meter

In most cases the effective range of class 2 devices is extended if they connect to a class 1 transceiver, compared to a pure class 2 network. This is accomplished by the higher sensitivity and transmission power of Class 1 devices.

Version	Data Rate
Version 1.2	1 Mbit/s
Version 2.0 + EDR	3 Mbit/s
WiMedia Alliance (proposed)	53 - 480 Mbit/s

Specifications and features

The Bluetooth specification was developed in 1994 by Jaap Haartsen and Sven Mattisson, who were working for Ericsson Mobile Platforms in Lund, Sweden. The specification is based on frequency-hopping spread spectrum technology.

The specifications were formalized by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998.

Bluetooth 1.0 and 1.0B

Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, and manufacturers had difficulty making their products interoperable. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the Connecting process (rendering anonymity impossible at the protocol level), which was a major setback for certain services planned for use in Bluetooth environments.

Bluetooth 1.1

* Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002.
* Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications were fixed.
* Added support for non-encrypted channels.
* Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).

Bluetooth 1.2

This version is backward compatible with 1.1 and the major enhancements include the following:

• Faster Connection and Discovery
• Higher transmission speeds in practice, up to 721 kbit/s, than in 1.1.
• Extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO), which improve voice quality of audio links.
• Host Controller Interface (HCI) support for three-wire UART.
• Ratified as IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2005.

Bluetooth 2.0

This version of the Bluetooth specification was released on November 10, 2004. It is backward compatible with the previous version 1.1. The main difference is the introduction of an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. The nominal rate of EDR is about 3 megabits per second, although the practical data transfer rate is 2.1 megabits per second.

According to the 2.0 specification, EDR provides the following benefits:

• Three times faster transmission speed — up to 10 times (2.1 Mbit/s) in some cases.
• Reduced complexity of multiple simultaneous connections due to additional bandwidth.
• Lower power consumption through a reduced duty cycle.
  

Bluetooth 2.0

Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 is fully backward compatible with 1.1, and was adopted by the Bluetooth SIG on July 26, 2007. This specification includes the following features:

• Extended inquiry response: provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection.
• Sniff subrating: reduces the power consumption when devices are in the sniff low-power mode, especially on links with asymmetric data flows.
• Encryption Pause Resume: enables an encryption key to be refreshed, enabling much stronger encryption for connections that stay up for longer than 23.3 hours (one Bluetooth day).
• Secure Simple Pairing: radically improves the pairing experience for Bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and strength of security. It is expected that this feature will significantly increase the use of Bluetooth.
• Near Field Communication (NFC) cooperation: automatic creation of secure Bluetooth connections when NFC radio interface is also available. This functionality is part of the Secure Simple Pairing where NFC is one way of exchanging pairing information.

How Bluetooth Creates a Connection

Bluetooth takes small-area networking to the next level by removing the need for user intervention and keeping transmission power extremely low to save battery power.

Bluetooth is essentially a networking standard that works at two levels:

• It provides agreement at the physical level -- Bluetooth is a radio-frequency standard.

• It provides agreement at the protocol level, where products have to agree on when bits are sent, how many will be sent at a time, and how the parties in a conversation can be sure that the message received is the same as the message sent.

Bluetooth wireless PC card

Any Bluetooth device will transmit the following information on demand:

• Device name.
• Device class.
• List of services.
• Technical information, for example, device features, manufacturer, Bluetooth specification used, clock offset.

Any device may perform an inquiry to find other devices to connect to, and any device can be configured to respond to such inquiries. However, if the device trying to connect knows the address of the device, it always responds to direct connection requests and transmits the information shown in the list above if requested. Use of a device's services may require pairing or acceptance by its owner, but the connection itself can be initiated by any device and held until it goes out of range.

How Bluetooth Operates

Bluetooth networking transmits data via low-power radio waves. It communicates on a frequency of 2.45 gigahertz (actually between 2.402 GHz and 2.480 GHz, to be exact). This frequency band has been set aside by international agreement for the use of industrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM).



One of the ways Bluetooth devices avoid interfering with other systems is by sending out very weak signals of about 1 milliwatt. By comparison, the most powerful cell phones can transmit a signal of 3 watts. The low power limits the range of a Bluetooth device to about 10 meters (32 feet).

Bluetooth can connect up to eight devices simultaneously. With all of those devices in the same 10-meter (32-foot) radius, you might think they'd interfere with one another, but it's unlikely. Bluetooth uses a technique called spread-spectrum frequency hopping that makes it rare for more than one device to be transmitting on the same frequency at the same time. In this technique, a device will use 79 individual, randomly chosen frequencies within a designated range, changing from one to another on a regular basis. In the case of Bluetooth, the transmitters change frequencies 1,600 times every second, meaning that more devices can make full use of a limited slice of the radio spectrum.



When Bluetooth-capable devices come within range of one another, an electronic conversation takes place to determine whether they have data to share or whether one needs to control the other. The user doesn't have to press a button or give a command -- the electronic conversation happens automatically. Once the conversation has occurred, the devices -- whether they're part of a computer system or a stereo -- form a network.

Bluetooth Security

In any wireless networking setup, security is a concern. Devices can easily grab radio waves out of the air, so people who send sensitive information over a wireless connection need to take precautions to make sure those signals aren't intercepted. Bluetooth technology is no different -- it's wireless and therefore susceptible to spying and remote access.

Bluetooth offers several security modes, and device manufacturers determine which mode to include in a Bluetooth-enabled gadget. In almost all cases, Bluetooth users can establish "trusted devices" that can exchange data without asking permission. When any other device tries to establish a connection to the user's gadget, the user has to decide to allow it. Service-level security and device-level security work together to protect Bluetooth devices from unauthorized data transmission. Security methods include authorization and identification procedures that limit the use of Bluetooth services to the registered user and require that users make a conscious decision to open a file or accept a data transfer. As long as these measures are enabled on the user's phone or other device, unauthorized access is unlikely. A user can also simply switch his Bluetooth mode to "non-discoverable" and avoid connecting with other Bluetooth devices entirely. If a user makes use of the Bluetooth network primarily for synching devices at home, this might be a good way to avoid any chance of a security breach while in public.

Health concerns

Bluetooth uses the microwave radio frequency spectrum in the 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz range. Maximum power output from a Bluetooth radio is 100 mW, 2.5 mW, and 1 mW for Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 devices respectively, which puts Class 1 at roughly the same level as mobile phones, and the other two classes much lower. Accordingly, Class 2 and Class 3 Bluetooth devices are considered less of a potential hazard than mobile phones, and Class 1 may be comparable to that of mobile phones.

learn about Instruction cycle:

An instruction cycle (also called fetch-and-execute cycle, fetch-decode-execute cycle, and FDX) is the time period during which a computer processes a machine language instruction from its memory or the sequence of actions that the central processing unit (CPU) performs to execute each machine code instruction in a program.

The name fetch-and-execute cycle is commonly used. The instruction must be fetched from main memory, and then executed by the CPU. This is fundamentally how a computer operates, with its CPU reading and executing a series of instructions written in its machine language. From this arise all functions of a computer familiar from the user's end.

Watch Flash Tutorial:

Instruction cycle:

Each computer's CPU can have different cycles based on different instruction sets.

1.) Fetch the instruction from main memory:

The CPU presents the value of the program counter (PC) on the address bus. The CPU then fetches the instruction from main memory via the data bus into the memory data register (MDR). The value from the MDR is then placed into the current instruction register (CIR), a circuit that holds the instruction temporarily so that it can be decoded and executed.

Decode the instruction:

The instruction decoder interprets and implements the instruction. The instruction
register (IR) holds the current instruction, while the program counter (PC) holds the address
in memory of the next instruction to be executed. The machine cycle or instruction cycle is generally divided into four parts:-
1)Fetching an instruction 2)Decoding an instruction 3)Executing an instruction 4)storing the instruction

2.) Fetch data from main memory:

Read the effective address from main memory if the instruction has an indirect address. Fetch required data from main memory to be processed and placed into registers.

3.) Execute the instruction:

From the instruction register, the data forming the instruction is decoded by the control unit. It then passes the decoded information as a sequence of control signals to the relevant function units of the CPU to perform the actions required by the instruction such as reading values from registers, passing them to the Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) to add them together and writing the result back to a register. A condition signal is sent back to the control unit by the ALU if it is involved.

4.) Store results:

Also called write back to memory. The result generated by the operation is stored in the main memory, or sent to an output device. Based on the condition feedback from the ALU, the PC is either incremented to address the next instruction or updated to a different address where the next instruction will be fetched. The cycle is then repeated.


Fetch cycle:

Steps 1 and 2 of the Instruction Cycle are called the Fetch Cycle. These steps are the same for each instruction. The fetch cycle processes the instruction from the instruction word which contains an opcode and an operand.

Execute cycle:

Steps 3 and 4 of the Instruction Cycle are part of the Execute Cycle. These steps will change with each instruction.
The first step of the execute cycle is the Process-Memory. Data is transferred between the CPU and the I/O module. Next is the Data-Processing uses mathematical operations as well as logical operations in reference to data. Central alterations is the next step, is a sequence of operations, for example a jump operation. The last step is a combined operation from all the other steps.

The Fetch-Execute cycle in Transfer Notation:

MAR<---[PC]
MDR<---[MemoryLocation]
PC<---[PC]+1 (The increment here indicates one instruction.)
IR<---[MDR]

What is Animation ?

Animate means "to give life to". An animator's job is to take a static image or object and literally bring it to life by giving it movement and personality. In computer animation, animators use software to draw, model and animate objects and characters in vast digital landscapes. There are two basic kinds of computer animation computer-assisted and computer-generated.

Computer-assisted animation is typically two-dimensional (2-D), like cartoons. The animator draws objects and characters either by hand or with a computer. Then he positions his creations in key frames, which form an outline of the most important movements. Next, the computer uses mathematical algorithms to fill in the "in-between" frames. This process is called tweening. Key framing and tweening are traditional animation techniques that can be done by hand, but are accomplished much faster with a computer.
Computer-generated animation is a different story. First of all, it's three-dimensional (3-D), meaning that objects and characters are modeled on a plane with an X, Y and Z axis. This can't be done with pencil and paper. Key framing and tweening are still an important function of computer-generated animation, but there are other techniques that don't relate to traditional animation. Using mathematical algorithms, animators can program objects to adhere to (or break) physical laws like gravity, mass and force. Or create tremendous herds and flocks of creatures that appear to act independently, yet collectively. With computer-generated animation, instead of animating each hair on a monster's head, the monster's fur is designed to wave gently in the wind and lie flat when wet.

The basic animation is shown here , the creation of bouncing ball by 6 steps :


The bouncing ball after adding animation effects :


Technology has long been a part of the animator's toolkit. Animators at Disney revolutionized the industry with innovations like the use of sound in animated short films and the multi-plane camera stand that created the parallax effect of background depth.
The roots of computer animation began with computer graphics pioneers in the early 1960s working at major U.S. research institutes, often with government funding [source: Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science]. Their earliest films were scientific simulations with titles like "Flow of a Viscous Fluid" and "Propagation of Shock Waves in a Solid Form."
Ed Catmull at the University of Utah was one of the first to toy with computer animation as art, beginning with a 3-D rendering of his hand opening and closing. The University of Utah was the source of the earliest important breakthroughs in 3-D computer graphics, like the hidden surface algorithm that allows a computer to conceptualize three-dimensional objects, and the Utah Teapot, a strikingly rendered 3-D teapot that signaled a turning point in the photorealistic quality of 3-D graphics.
In 1973, "Westworld" became the first film to contain computer-generated 2D graphics. More films in the late 1970s and early 1980s relied on computer graphics, or CG, to create primitive effects that were designed to look computer-generated. "Tron" (1982) was ideal for showcasing undeniably digital effects since the movie took place inside a computer.
"Jurassic Park" (1993) was the first feature film to integrate convincingly real, entirely computer-generated characters into a live action film, and "Toy Story" (1995) from Pixar was the first full-length "cartoon" made entirely with computer-generated 3-D animation
The increasing sophistication and realism of 3-D animation can be directly credited to an exponential growth in computer processing power. Today, a standard desktop computer runs 5,000 times faster than those used by computer graphics pioneers in the 1960s. And the cost of the basic technology for creating computer animation has gone from $500,000 to less than $2,000

Some types in animation explained below:

1.) The Traditional animation

Egyptian burial chamber mural, approximately 4000 years old image, showing wrestlers in action. Even though this may appear similar to a series of animation drawings, there was no way of viewing the images in motion. It does, however, indicate the artist's intention of depicting motion.

2.) Stop motion

This animation is used to describe animation created by physically manipulating real-world objects and photographing them one frame of film at a time to create the illusion of movement. There are many different types of stop-motion animation, usually named after the type of media used to create the animation.

3.) computer animation

Like stop motion, computer animation encompasses a variety of techniques, the unifying idea being that the animation is created digitally on a computer.

4.)Draw on film Animation

5.) Paint-on-Glass animation

6.) Pin Screen Animation

7.) Sand animation

8.) Flip book animation

There are so many animation softwares available in market today. Which Provides the basic keys to make an animation.

(for eg;)

1. Adobe photoshop,
2. Maya animation Software
3. Macromedia flash editor ....... etc